What
FGM is a criminal offence in the England and Wales framework. FGM Protection Orders can protect someone at risk or someone who has experienced FGM.
Authority layer · England and Wales unless stated
Law in practice.
Rights are global. Law is local. This maintained authority layer is for adults and professionals, not a pupil law textbook.
Last reviewed: 26 August 2026 · Check current official guidance before delivery.
Why
The legal framework addresses harm, prevention, protection and accountability. Law is not the same as effective implementation.
Who
Duties depend on the person’s circumstances, the professional’s role and the jurisdiction. Teachers and regulated professionals must use current official guidance.
How
Use safeguarding procedures, specialist advice and protection routes where appropriate. Do not investigate, confront family members or mediate where this may increase risk.
Limits
Law cannot by itself remove fear, dependence, unsafe services, silence, stigma or practical barriers. Rights are global; law is local.
Show me the evidence
Use primary legislation, current government guidance, public-health guidance, research, data and lived experience as different evidence categories.
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